Zoology Principles I: Quiz 4 Review

Quiz 4 Review

Foundational Principles of Evolution:

1. Animal types exist & fill niches

2. Animal types form populations

3. Populations are composed of unique individuals

4. Individuals are not equally successful or favored

Principles of Evolution proposed by Darwin and Wallace:

5. Success or superiority is context specific

6. Overpopulation occurs and creates intrapopulation (intraspecific) competition

7. Competition causes “favored” or “superior” individuals to survive and reproduce more often

8. Successful “favored” traits become prevalent in future generations

a. Conclusion: level of selection pressure and generation time determines the rate of change

Principles of Evolution that support ideas proposed by Darwin and Wallace:

9. Traits are passed through gametes

10. Gametes contain instructions for inheritance written in nucleotide polymers

11. Nucleotide polymers in Eukaryotic DNA are organized into chromosomes

12. Chromosome genes (segments) code for heritable traits

13. Traits have multiple alleles for associated genes

a. Traits with individual diversity have allelic diversity (individual diversity = allelic diversity)

14. Allelic frequencies can change over time

Questions:

Ø What is the difference between a genotype and a phenotype?

o What is in the genotype but not in the phenotype?

o What is in the phenotype but not in the genotype?

Ø What is another name for gene pool? Why?

Ø What are the 5 aspects of phenotype?

Ø Can you think of ways to test each of the 14 principles of evolution?

Ø What traits are “favored” in your favorite animal?

o Would these traits change if the conditions changed?

Ø How many alleles are associated with each gene on a chromosome?

Ø How many alleles do you have for a gene? (think about homologous chromosomes here)

Ø Why is it important to understand crossing over and random assortment for evolution?

Ø What did August Weismann believe about fossils?

Ø What is the genotype for a person that is a carrier? (heterozygous or homozygous)

Ø What are acquired characteristics?

Ø Is blending a dominant recessive relationship?

Ø Who worked on building a model for DNA

Ø What does it mean to say “Chromosomes are duplicated in normal individuals”

o Does this have anything to do with sister chromatids?

Ø What is an example of high selection pressure?

Ø What is an example of short generation time?

Vocabulary: know and understand the definition for each of the following

Zoology Principles I