Sunday, March 31, 2013

Exam 3 review

** Wherever it has (CATA) following a question it means circle all that apply. Good luck!!

1.     In a population of fish large males that are able to effectively defend a breeding zone are selected for by the females in the population. Intermediate sized males are unable to defend a breeding zone and are not usually picked by the females. Small males in this population look a lot like the females and are often ignored when they enter the breeding zone of a large male allowing them to “sneak fertilize” the eggs left by the female. After a period of time the population shows increased quantities of both large and small male fish.
a.     What mode of selection is occurring?
                                          i.    Directional Selection
                                         ii.    Stabilizing Selection
                                        iii.    Artificial Selection
                                        iv.    Natural Selection
                                         v.    Disruptive Selection
b.     T/F – This is an example of sexual selection? If true what type? _______________________________
2.     A small number of birds are blown from the mainland to an uninhabited island. The parent population had many different variations of feather color but the new much smaller island population only shows 2 distinct color differences, blue and red. The island has two endemic tree species that drop seeds throughout the year, and the seeds dropped range from 1 cm to 4 cm. After a long period of time passes the bird populations are evaluated and several different sympatric populations are observed. Population (A) has large beaks and has both blue and red individuals that don’t select for color when mating. Population (B) has very small beaks and only blue individuals that forage for food during the evening. Population (C) eats early in the morning, has bright red males that sing during breeding season, and brown/red females. A researcher watches the population through an entire breeding season and finds that none of the populations interbreed.
a.     What describes the initial event that occurred? ______________. This is an example of genetic _______.
b.     What describes the phenotypic variation in population A? ___________________________
c.     What describes the phenotypic variation in population C? ________________________________
d.    What term describes the beak differences between population A and B? ___________________________
e.     What mode of selection occurred with the beaks in population A? ________________________________
f.      What isolating mechanism keeps population B and C from interbreeding? ________________________
g.     T/F – The trees on the island also live on the mainland making a great food source for the birds
3.     A population of Elk has males that compete for breeding rights with the females in the herd. After many generations it is observed that the breeding males have considerably larger antlers than the nonbreeding males. After considerable time has passed the males are observed to have extremely large antlers that could potentially inhibit foraging behavior but are still selected for by the females.
a.     T/F this species exhibits polyandry.
b.     The competition occurring between the males is an example of __________________________
c.     The extremely large antlers are an example of _____________________________
d.    What idea explains the increased survivability of males with extremely large antlers? _________________
e.     What type of characteristic are the male Elk antlers? ___________________________________
4.     Match up the following: match a name (a-e) with a description (f-j)
a.     Malthus
b.     LaMarck
c.     Darwin
d.    Mayr
e.     Wallace
f.      I developed the Biological Species Concept
g.     I studied populations in South East Asia and proposed Natural Selection as the mechanism of Evolution
h.     I wrote “An Essay on Population” and inspired the idea that individuals struggle for existence
i.      I studied individual variation within populations and proposed Natural Selection as the mechanism of Evolution
j.      I studied individual variation within populations and proposed Transmutation as the mechanism of Evolution


5.     “Superbugs” that evolved from the overuse of antibiotics is an example of:

a.     Natural Selection

b.     Transformation

c.     Special Creation

d.    Artificial Selection

6.     T/F – Ring species are good evidence of Evolution

7.     Variational Evolution is a synonym for:

a.     Special Creation

b.     Natural Selection

c.     Transmutation

d.    Disruptive Selection

8.     Prezygotic Isolating mechanisms include: (CATA)

a.     Geographical Barriers

b.     Infertility

c.     1° sex characteristic incompatibility

d.    Gametic

9.     T/F – Sibling species would be considered 2 separate species according to the Biological Species Concept.

10.   Character Release occurs with species that are: (CATA)

a.     Sympatric

b.     Temporally Isolated

c.     Allopatric

d.    Phenotypically similar

11.    Human birth weight is a good example of: (CATA)

a.     Stabilizing Selection

b.     Directional Selection

c.     Polymorphism

d.    Disruptive Selection

12.   T/F – Darwin and Lamarck proposed the Theory of Natural Selection in 1959.

13.   What idea proposes: individuals with brighter colors have better health

a.     Hamilton Zuk Hypothesis

b.     Sexy Son Hypothesis

c.     Handicap Hypothesis

14.   A set of twins are predisposed to develop Type II Diabetes. Twin A doesn’t exercise and eats high sugar high fat foods throughout his life. Twin B exercises and eats healthy through his life. Twin A develops diabetes and twin B does not. This is an example of ____________ (CATA)

a.     Dimorphism

b.     Polymorphism

c.     Phenotypic Plasticity

d.    Character Displacement

15.   Cricket populations that don’t interbreed due to chirp rate differences show what type of isolation? (CATA)

a.     Temporal

b.     Ecological

c.     Behavioral

d.    Mechanical

16.   T/F – 2 sympatric species occupy the same niche.

17.   An individual in a population can __________? (CATA)

a.     Live

b.     Change

c.     Adapt

d.    Die

18.   Inheritance of Acquired Characteristics involves: (CATA)

a.     Variational Evolution

b.     Trasformational Evolution

c.     Physiological Adaptation

d.    Stasis

e.     Individual Adaptation

19.    T/F – Ecological Isolation prevents different species from interbreeding in part because they eat different kinds of food.

20.  Natural Selection drives ________ (CATA)

a.     Character Displacement

b.     Adaptive radiation

c.     Transformational Evolution

d.    Allopatric Speciation

21.   A man and a woman living in New Orleans have a low red blood cell count. They move to Alta UT and after a year notice that their red blood cell count is considerably higher than before. The woman gives birth and the child’s red blood cell count is also high. This is an example of _________ (CATA)

a.     Transmutation

b.     Physiological adaptation

c.     Character Displacement

d.    Inheritance of Acquired Characteristics

22.  Which of the following is a post zygotic reproductive isolating mechanism? (CATA)

a.     Behavioral

b.     Infertility

c.     Fetal Death

d.    Geographical Barriers

e.     Reinforcement

23.  Which mechanism of reproductive isolation is not controlled by genes? (CATA)

a.     Behavioral

b.     Geographical Barriers

c.     Temporal

d.    Mechanical

e.     Gametic

24.  T/F – Subspecies are phenotypically diverse and sympatric

25.  Which of the following were important points of Darwin’s Theory of Natural Selection? (CATA)

a.     “Special Creation” was rejected

b.     Humans evolved through the same mechanism as all other living things

c.     Variational Evolution – individuals don’t change, only populations change

d.    Natural Selection is “goal less”

26.  T/F – Sympatric speciation relies on physical barriers to separate individuals of a population.

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